On the sudden appearance and spread of the black citrus aphid Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) on the island of Madeira

Abstract

The black citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricidus, was introduced into Argentina during the nineteen-thirties and rapidly spread throughout region. This aphid is an effective vector of the Citrus Tristeza Virus which was responsible for the death of millions o